Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of Kale (Brassica oleracea) leaves, Juice and seeds on potassium bromate, KBrO3 (200 mg/kg BW gavaged once) induced renal injury in rats. Forty adult male rats were assigned to five groups (n=8) for a four-weeks experimental period; group (1) normal control, group (2) KBrO3-induced control, groups (3) administrated 150 mg/kg BW kale Juice (KJ) by gastric tube, group (4) treated with 15 % kale leaves powder (KLP) in diet and group (5) treated with 15% kale seed powder (KSP) in diet. Total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity from the extract were identified. The serum lipid profiles, serum kidneys biomarkers and lipid peroxidation marker MDA, non enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) in kidneys were estimated. Total phenolic content was high 64.3 mg in methanolic extract of kale seeds (MEKS) followed by methanolic extract of KL then aqueous extract of KJ with 53.4 mg and 35.1 mg respectively. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity was high in KJ then KL and KS at levels 0.83, 0.22 and 0.13 (mmol/g) respectively. Results of KBrO3-induced renal injury rats showed significant (p<0.05) elevation levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), kidney function markers uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine and total protein in serum and (MDA) levels in kidneys tissue, whereas they showed significantly decreased level of HDL-C and all kidneys tissue enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH). Oral administration of KJ with 150 mg/kg BW to nephrotoxicity rats were showed brought back in serum lipid profiles and hepatic biomarkers, tissue lipid peroxidation product (MDA), enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidants to near normal followed by 15 % seed powder (KSP) group compared to 15% KLP group. Thus results showed that the most effective results revealed from 150mg KJ dose and 15 % KLP and 15 % KSP. Moreover, the histological evaluation of kidney approved the amelioration of the previous parameters and confirms the effective treatments were dried leaves, juice and seeds consequently. In conclusion, the present study discloses the ameliorative and protective effects of Brassica oleracea against renal injury that is at least, partly mediated by its antioxidant and phenolic properties as indicated by increase of antioxidant status and decrease of lipid peroxidation markers
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