The effect of fabric structure factors on some functional properties of weft-knitted fabrics

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AL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY

Abstract

Knitting is a key sector in the global textile and apparel industry, ranking second after woven fabrics due to low production costs, fast manufacturing, and ease of handling. Knitted fabrics offer high flexibility and conform well to body contours, making them widely used in outerwear. However, their aesthetic and mechanical performance can deteriorate due to friction, repeated washing, and mechanical stresses, affecting product quality and consumer acceptance. This study aimed to determine the optimal yarn type, fabric structure, and machine gauge for achieving superior functional properties in weft-knitted fabrics and to examine their interactive effects. Results showed that 50% cotton / 50% acrylic yarn had the highest fabric weight and thickness, while 50% cotton / 50% polyester excelled in friction resistance, and 100% cotton ranked with 50% cotton / 50% polyester highest in pilling resistance. Gauge 12 produced the highest weight and thickness, whereas gauge 14 improved friction and pilling resistance. Regarding fabric structure, interlock demonstrated the highest weight and friction resistance, single jersey excelled in thickness and pilling resistance, and rib ranked second in most properties. Comprehensive quality evaluation using multi-axis radar charts indicated that the optimal combination for overall functional performance was interlock structure with 50% cotton / 50% polyester yarn and gauge 14. LSD tests confirmed significant differences among means, validating the statistical hypotheses and highlighting the strong influence of yarn type, fabric structure, and machine gauge on the functional performance of knitted fabrics.

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